1. What is Specific Conductivity?

Definition: Specific Conductance (K) is the ability of a substance to conduct electricity, measured in Siemens per meter (S/m). It is the reciprocal of specific resistance.

Purpose: This calculator determines the specific conductivity of a solution based on its equivalent conductance and normality.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( K \) — Specific Conductance (S/m)
• \( Λ_{eq} \) — Equivalent conductance of ions (S·m²/eq)
• \( N \) — Normality of solution (mol/m³)

Explanation: The formula relates the conducting power of ions in solution to the concentration of those ions.

3. Importance of Specific Conductivity

Details: Specific conductivity measurements are crucial in water quality analysis, electrochemistry, and industrial process monitoring.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the equivalent conductance in S·m²/eq and normality in mol/m³. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is equivalent conductance?
A: Equivalent conductance is the conducting power of all ions produced by one gram equivalent of an electrolyte in solution.

Q2: How is normality different from molarity?
A: Normality considers the number of reactive units per liter, while molarity considers the number of moles per liter.

Q3: Why divide by 1000 in the formula?
A: The division converts units appropriately when using equivalent conductance in S·m²/eq and normality in mol/m³.

Q4: What are typical values for specific conductance?
A: Pure water has very low conductivity (~5.5 μS/m), while seawater can be around 5 S/m.

Q5: How does temperature affect conductivity?
A: Conductivity generally increases with temperature as ion mobility increases.