Substrate Concentration Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the substrate concentration required to form a specific amount of enzyme-substrate complex in a reversible enzymatic reaction.
Purpose: It helps biochemists and enzymologists understand reaction kinetics and design experiments with controlled substrate levels.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the substrate concentration needed to maintain equilibrium between free enzyme, substrate, and the enzyme-substrate complex.
Details: Accurate substrate concentration is crucial for studying enzyme kinetics, determining reaction rates, and understanding inhibition mechanisms.
Tips: Enter all rate constants and concentrations in molar units. Ensure [E0] > [ES] for valid results.
Q1: What are typical values for kr and kf?
A: kf typically ranges from 106 to 108 1/s, while kr varies widely depending on the enzyme.
Q2: Why must [E0] be greater than [ES]?
A: The enzyme-substrate complex cannot exceed the total enzyme present in the system.
Q3: How does temperature affect these calculations?
A: Temperature significantly impacts rate constants. Use values measured at your experimental temperature.
Q4: Can this be used for inhibited enzymes?
A: Only for simple reversible reactions without inhibitors. Different equations apply for inhibited systems.
Q5: What if I get negative values?
A: Check your inputs - negative values suggest [ES] > [E0], which is impossible.