Surface Tension given Molar Volume Calculator

Surface Tension Formula:

\[ \gamma_{MV} = [EOTVOS\_C] \times \frac{(T_c - T)}{(V_m)^{2/3}} \]

Surface Tension (N/m):

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1. What is Surface Tension given Molar Volume?

Definition: This calculator estimates the surface tension of a fluid based on critical temperature, current temperature, and molar volume using the Eötvös rule.

Purpose: It helps researchers and engineers determine the surface tension of liquids which is important in fluid mechanics, material science, and chemical engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \gamma_{MV} = [EOTVOS\_C] \times \frac{(T_c - T)}{(V_m)^{2/3}} \]

Where:

\( \gamma_{MV} \) — Surface tension of fluid (N/m)
\( [EOTVOS\_C] \) — Eötvös constant (0.00000021)
\( T_c \) — Critical temperature (K)
\( T \) — Current temperature (K)
\( V_m \) — Molar volume (m³/mol)

Explanation: The formula relates surface tension to the temperature difference from critical point and molar volume, accounting for molecular interactions.

3. Importance of Surface Tension Calculation

Details: Surface tension affects capillary action, droplet formation, wetting phenomena, and is crucial in processes like coating, printing, and biological systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the critical temperature, current temperature (both in Kelvin), and molar volume (in m³/mol). All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the Eötvös constant?
A: It's a physical constant (2.1×10⁻⁷ N·m/K·mol²/³) that relates surface tension to temperature and molar volume in the Eötvös rule.

Q2: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides reasonable estimates for simple liquids near their boiling points but may be less accurate for complex molecules or near critical points.

Q3: Where can I find critical temperature values?
A: Critical temperatures are tabulated in chemical engineering handbooks or material safety data sheets for common substances.

Q4: What are typical surface tension values?
A: Water at 20°C has γ≈72 mN/m, while organic solvents typically range from 20-50 mN/m at room temperature.

Q5: Does this work for mixtures?
A: The simple Eötvös rule is best for pure substances. Mixtures require more complex models accounting for composition.