Surface Tension Formula:
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Definition: Surface tension is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules.
Purpose: This calculator helps determine the surface tension of pure water at different temperatures.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates how surface tension decreases as temperature approaches the critical temperature.
Details: Surface tension affects capillary action, droplet formation, and many biological processes. It's crucial in chemical engineering, material science, and fluid dynamics.
Tips: Enter the temperature in Kelvin and critical temperature (default 647.096 K for water). Temperature must be below critical temperature.
Q1: What is the critical temperature of water?
A: The critical temperature of water is 647.096 K (373.946°C), where liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable.
Q2: Why does surface tension decrease with temperature?
A: As temperature increases, molecular motion increases, weakening the cohesive forces between water molecules.
Q3: What are typical surface tension values for water?
A: At 20°C (293.15 K), surface tension is about 0.0728 N/m. It decreases to near zero at the critical temperature.
Q4: Can this calculator be used for other liquids?
A: No, this formula is specific to pure water. Other liquids have different surface tension properties.
Q5: What units does the calculator use?
A: The calculator uses Kelvin for temperature and returns surface tension in Newtons per meter (N/m).