1. What is Surface Tension of Pure Water?

Definition: Surface tension is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the surface tension of pure water at different temperatures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \gamma_w \) — Surface tension of pure water (N/m)
• \( T \) — Temperature (K)
• \( T_c \) — Critical temperature (647.096 K for water)

Explanation: The formula calculates how surface tension decreases as temperature approaches the critical temperature.

3. Importance of Surface Tension Calculation

Details: Surface tension affects capillary action, droplet formation, and many biological processes. It's crucial in chemical engineering, material science, and fluid dynamics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the temperature in Kelvin and critical temperature (default 647.096 K for water). Temperature must be below critical temperature.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the critical temperature of water?
A: The critical temperature of water is 647.096 K (373.946°C), where liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable.

Q2: Why does surface tension decrease with temperature?
A: As temperature increases, molecular motion increases, weakening the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Q3: What are typical surface tension values for water?
A: At 20°C (293.15 K), surface tension is about 0.0728 N/m. It decreases to near zero at the critical temperature.

Q4: Can this calculator be used for other liquids?
A: No, this formula is specific to pure water. Other liquids have different surface tension properties.

Q5: What units does the calculator use?
A: The calculator uses Kelvin for temperature and returns surface tension in Newtons per meter (N/m).