Formula Used:
From: | To: |
Definition: This is the instant of time at which the maximum concentration of intermediate is achieved in a two-step first order irreversible reaction in series.
Purpose: It helps chemical engineers and researchers determine the optimal time to measure intermediate concentrations in consecutive reactions.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The natural logarithm of the ratio of rate constants divided by their difference gives the time when intermediate concentration peaks.
Details: Knowing this time helps in reaction optimization, intermediate isolation, and process design for consecutive chemical reactions.
Tips: Enter both rate constants in 1/s units. The values must be positive and cannot be equal (k₂ ≠ k₁).
Q1: What happens when k₁ = k₂?
A: The formula becomes indeterminate. In practice, a limiting case approach is used when rate constants are nearly equal.
Q2: How do I obtain the rate constants?
A: Rate constants are typically determined experimentally from reaction kinetics studies.
Q3: Does this apply to reversible reactions?
A: No, this formula is specifically for irreversible consecutive first-order reactions.
Q4: What units should I use?
A: Consistent time units must be used (typically seconds) for both rate constants.
Q5: Can this be used for higher order reactions?
A: No, this formula is only valid for first-order consecutive reactions.