Time Formula:
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Definition: This calculator determines the time required for a second order reaction opposed by a first order reaction to reach a certain product concentration, given the initial concentration of reactant B.
Purpose: It helps chemists and chemical engineers understand reaction kinetics and predict reaction times for complex reaction systems.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula accounts for the second-order forward reaction and first-order reverse reaction kinetics.
Details: Accurate time prediction is crucial for reaction optimization, process design, and safety considerations in chemical engineering.
Tips: Enter the forward rate constant, equilibrium concentration, initial concentration of B, and desired product concentration. Ensure product concentration is less than equilibrium concentration.
Q1: What units should I use for the inputs?
A: Use consistent units: m³/(mol·s) for rate constant, mol/m³ for concentrations.
Q2: What's a typical value for the forward rate constant?
A: This varies widely but might be in the range of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻³ m³/(mol·s) for many reactions.
Q3: Why must product concentration be less than equilibrium?
A: At equilibrium, the time would theoretically be infinite as the net reaction stops.
Q4: Can this be used for other reaction orders?
A: No, this specific formula is only for second order opposed by first order reactions.
Q5: How do I find the equilibrium concentration?
A: You would typically determine this experimentally or through thermodynamic calculations.