Van der Waals Interaction Energy Formula:
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Definition: Van der Waals Interaction Energy includes attraction and repulsions between atoms, molecules, and surfaces, as well as other intermolecular forces.
Purpose: This calculator helps quantify the weak electromagnetic forces that influence molecular interactions at nanoscale distances.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The energy decreases with the square of the separation distance and is proportional to the Hamaker coefficient.
Details: These calculations are crucial in nanotechnology, surface science, colloidal chemistry, and biological systems where weak interactions dominate.
Tips: Enter the Hamaker coefficient (typically 10-21 to 10-19 J) and surface separation in nanometers (1-100 nm range). All values must be > 0.
Q1: What is a typical Hamaker coefficient value?
A: For most materials, A ranges from 0.4-4 × 10-19 J. The default 3.2 × 10-21 J is typical for hydrocarbon interactions.
Q2: Why is the energy negative?
A: The negative sign indicates an attractive interaction between the surfaces.
Q3: How does distance affect the interaction?
A: The energy falls off rapidly (as 1/distance2), becoming negligible beyond ~100 nm.
Q4: What are limitations of this formula?
A: It assumes ideal, smooth surfaces and doesn't account for relativistic effects at very small separations (<10 nm).
Q5: Where can I find Hamaker coefficients?
A: Published tables in surface science literature or through specialized measurement techniques.