Van't Hoff Factor Formula:
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Definition: The Van't Hoff factor (i) is the ratio of observed colligative property to theoretical colligative property.
Purpose: It measures the effect of solute particles on colligative properties like boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The theoretical molar mass is divided by the observed molar mass to determine how many particles the solute dissociates into.
Details: The factor is crucial for accurate calculations of colligative properties in solutions, especially for electrolytes that dissociate.
Tips: Enter the theoretical molar mass and observed molar mass in g/mol. Both values must be > 0.
Q1: What does i = 1 mean?
A: A factor of 1 indicates the solute doesn't dissociate (non-electrolyte).
Q2: What's a typical value for NaCl?
A: For NaCl, i ≈ 2 (complete dissociation into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions).
Q3: When would i be greater than expected?
A: For substances that associate in solution or when ion pairing occurs.
Q4: How is observed molar mass determined?
A: Through experimental measurements of colligative properties.
Q5: Does temperature affect the Van't Hoff factor?
A: Yes, especially for weak electrolytes where dissociation depends on temperature.