1. What is Van't Hoff Factor?

Definition: The Van't Hoff factor (i) is the ratio of observed colligative property to theoretical colligative property.

Purpose: It measures the effect of solute particles on colligative properties like boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( i \) — Van't Hoff factor (dimensionless)
• \( M_{theoretical} \) — Theoretical molar mass of electrolyte (g/mol)
• \( M_{observed} \) — Experimentally observed molar mass (g/mol)

Explanation: The theoretical molar mass is divided by the observed molar mass to determine how many particles the solute dissociates into.

3. Importance of Van't Hoff Factor

Details: The factor is crucial for accurate calculations of colligative properties in solutions, especially for electrolytes that dissociate.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the theoretical molar mass and observed molar mass in g/mol. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does i = 1 mean?
A: A factor of 1 indicates the solute doesn't dissociate (non-electrolyte).

Q2: What's a typical value for NaCl?
A: For NaCl, i ≈ 2 (complete dissociation into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions).

Q3: When would i be greater than expected?
A: For substances that associate in solution or when ion pairing occurs.

Q4: How is observed molar mass determined?
A: Through experimental measurements of colligative properties.

Q5: Does temperature affect the Van't Hoff factor?
A: Yes, especially for weak electrolytes where dissociation depends on temperature.