1. What is Vapour Density at Equilibrium?

Definition: This calculator determines the equilibrium vapour density of a substance based on its initial vapour density and the Van't Hoff factor.

Purpose: It helps chemists and researchers understand the relationship between vapour density and dissociation/association of molecules in equilibrium.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( d \) — Equilibrium Vapour Density
• \( D \) — Initial Vapour Density
• \( i \) — Van't Hoff Factor

Explanation: The initial vapour density is divided by the Van't Hoff factor to account for the degree of dissociation or association of molecules at equilibrium.

3. Importance of Vapour Density Calculation

Details: Understanding vapour density at equilibrium is crucial for studying molecular behavior, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamic properties of substances.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the initial vapour density and Van't Hoff factor. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the Van't Hoff factor?
A: The Van't Hoff factor (i) is the ratio of observed colligative property to theoretical colligative property, indicating the number of particles a compound dissociates into.

Q2: What's a typical range for Van't Hoff factor?
A: For non-electrolytes, i=1; for strong electrolytes, i equals the number of ions produced (e.g., NaCl has i=2).

Q3: How is initial vapour density determined?
A: Initial vapour density is typically measured experimentally before equilibrium is established.

Q4: What does a higher equilibrium vapour density indicate?
A: A higher value suggests less dissociation or more association of molecules at equilibrium.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for all substances?
A: It works for substances where the relationship between initial and equilibrium vapour densities follows the given formula.