Correction to Second Bearing for given Closing Error Calculator

Correction to Second Bearing Formula:

\[ cn2 = \frac{2 \times e}{NSides} \times \frac{\pi}{180} \]

Correction to Second Bearing (rad):

1. What is Correction to Second Bearing?

Definition: This calculator determines the correction needed for the second bearing in a traverse survey based on the closing error and number of sides.

Purpose: It helps surveyors adjust their measurements to account for errors that accumulate during traverse surveying.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ cn2 = \frac{2 \times e}{NSides} \times \frac{\pi}{180} \]

Where:

\( cn2 \) — Correction to second bearing (radians)
\( e \) — Closing error (meters)
\( NSides \) — Number of sides in the traverse
\( \pi \) — Mathematical constant pi (approximately 3.14159)

Explanation: The closing error is distributed proportionally across the traverse, with the second bearing receiving twice the average correction.

3. Importance of Bearing Correction

Details: Proper bearing correction ensures accurate survey measurements and helps maintain the geometric integrity of the surveyed area.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the closing error in meters, number of sides in the traverse, and tolerance percentage (default ±5%). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is closing error in surveying?
A: Closing error is the discrepancy between the starting and ending points of a traverse when the survey returns to its origin.

Q2: Why is the second bearing corrected differently?
A: The second bearing receives twice the average correction to help distribute the closing error more effectively across the traverse.

Q3: What does the tolerance percentage mean?
A: The tolerance indicates the acceptable margin of error (typically ±5%) for the survey measurements.

Q4: How do I determine the number of sides?
A: The number of sides equals the number of survey stations minus one in a closed traverse.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for open traverses?
A: No, this calculation is specifically for closed traverses where you return to the starting point.