Dry Density of Soil Calculator

Dry Density Formula:

\[ \rho_d = \frac{W_s}{V} \]

Dry Density (kg/m³):

1. What is Dry Density of Soil?

Definition: Dry density is defined as the mass of soil particles per unit volume of soil when the soil is completely dry.

Purpose: It's a fundamental property in geotechnical engineering used to assess soil compaction and quality.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho_d = \frac{W_s}{V} \]

Where:

\( \rho_d \) — Dry density (kg/m³)
\( W_s \) — Weight of solids (kg)
\( V \) — Total volume (m³)

Explanation: The weight of solid particles is divided by the total volume to obtain the dry density.

3. Importance of Dry Density Calculation

Details: Dry density measurement is crucial for determining soil compaction, bearing capacity, and settlement characteristics in construction projects.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the weight of solids in kg, total volume in m³, and tolerance percentage (default ±5%). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical dry density range for soils?
A: Common values range from 1.3 to 2.0 g/cm³ (1300-2000 kg/m³), depending on soil type.

Q2: Why include a tolerance percentage?
A: The tolerance accounts for acceptable variation in field compaction compared to laboratory results.

Q3: How is weight of solids measured?
A: By drying a soil sample to constant mass at 105-110°C and weighing it.

Q4: What affects dry density values?
A: Soil type, particle size distribution, moisture content, and compaction effort.

Q5: When is dry density testing required?
A: For earthwork construction, embankments, subgrades, and quality control of compacted fills.