1. What is Effective Thickness of Conical Head?

Definition: Effective thickness is the thickness of the slab that carries a constant stress distribution equal to the maximum value of the actual stress distribution.

Purpose: It helps engineers determine the appropriate thickness for conical heads in pressure vessels and other industrial applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( t_e \) — Effective thickness (meters)
• \( t_{ch} \) — Thickness of conical head (meters)
• \( \alpha \) — Apex angle (degrees)

Explanation: The actual thickness is multiplied by the cosine of the apex angle to account for the angular effect on stress distribution.

3. Importance of Effective Thickness Calculation

Details: Proper calculation ensures structural integrity, safety, and optimal material usage in pressure vessel design.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the thickness of conical head in meters, apex angle in degrees, and tolerance percentage (default ±5%). All values must be ≥ 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the cosine of the angle used?
A: The cosine factor accounts for the reduced effective thickness due to the angular orientation of the conical head.

Q2: What is a typical apex angle for conical heads?
A: Common apex angles range from 30° to 90°, depending on the application and design requirements.

Q3: What does the tolerance percentage represent?
A: The tolerance (±%) accounts for manufacturing variations and provides a range of acceptable thickness values.

Q4: How do I determine the required thickness?
A: The required thickness depends on design pressure, material properties, and safety factors specified in relevant codes (ASME, EN, etc.).

Q5: Does this calculation apply to all conical heads?
A: This is a basic calculation. Complex geometries or special conditions may require more advanced analysis.

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