Hydraulic Gradient per unit head for Dams on Soft Foundations Calculator

Hydraulic Gradient Formula:

\[ i = \frac{N}{B} \]

Hydraulic Gradient:

1. What is Hydraulic Gradient per unit head for Dams on Soft Foundations?

Definition: This calculator determines the hydraulic gradient, which is the change in hydraulic head per unit distance of flow in dams built on soft foundations.

Purpose: It helps civil engineers assess the stability and seepage characteristics of dams on soft foundations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ i = \frac{N}{B} \]

Where:

\( i \) — Hydraulic Gradient
\( N \) — Number of equipotential lines
\( B \) — Number of beds between potential drops

Explanation: The hydraulic gradient is calculated by dividing the number of equipotential lines by the number of beds between each potential drop.

3. Importance of Hydraulic Gradient Calculation

Details: Proper calculation helps prevent piping and erosion in dam foundations, ensuring structural stability and long-term performance.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of equipotential lines and number of beds (both with ±5% accuracy). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is an equipotential line?
A: An equipotential line connects points of equal hydraulic head in a flow net.

Q2: Why is the ±5% accuracy important?
A: Field measurements often have inherent variability, and the 5% range accounts for this uncertainty.

Q3: What's a typical safe hydraulic gradient for dams?
A: Typically 0.1 to 0.3, but depends on soil type and design specifications.

Q4: How do I determine the number of beds?
A: Count the number of flow channels between impervious boundaries.

Q5: What if my gradient exceeds safe values?
A: Consider lengthening the seepage path or adding filters/drains to reduce gradients.