Equipotential Lines Formula:
Definition: This calculator determines the number of equipotential drops in a flow net based on soil permeability, number of beds, head loss, dam length, and seepage quantity.
Purpose: It helps hydraulic engineers analyze seepage patterns beneath dams and other hydraulic structures.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula relates the physical characteristics of the dam and soil to the resulting flow net pattern.
Details: Accurate calculation helps in designing effective drainage systems, preventing piping failures, and ensuring dam stability.
Tips: Enter all required parameters with appropriate units. The ±5% indicates typical measurement tolerances for these values.
Q1: What are equipotential drops?
A: They represent lines of equal hydraulic head in a flow net, showing how water pressure decreases along the seepage path.
Q2: How is coefficient of permeability determined?
A: Through laboratory tests (like constant head or falling head tests) or field measurements.
Q3: Why is seepage quantity important?
A: Excessive seepage can lead to structural instability or loss of stored water.
Q4: What affects the number of beds (B)?
A: Soil stratification and the presence of different permeability layers.
Q5: How accurate are these calculations?
A: Results are theoretical estimates; actual field conditions may vary by ±5% or more.