Formula Used:
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The Angle of Internal Friction is a fundamental soil mechanics parameter that represents the shear strength of soil. It is the angle measured between the normal force and the resultant force when soil fails in shear.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula relates the angle of internal friction to the bearing capacity factors, providing a method to estimate φ from known Nγ and Nq values.
Details: The angle of internal friction is crucial for geotechnical engineering applications including slope stability analysis, foundation design, earth pressure calculations, and bearing capacity determination.
Tips: Enter valid values for Nγ and Nq (Nq must be greater than 1). The calculator will compute the corresponding angle of internal friction in degrees.
Q1: What is the typical range for angle of internal friction?
A: For most soils, φ ranges from 0° for pure clay to 45°+ for dense gravels and sands.
Q2: How are bearing capacity factors determined?
A: Bearing capacity factors are derived from theoretical and experimental studies and depend on the angle of internal friction and soil properties.
Q3: Why is Nq required to be greater than 1?
A: The formula involves division by (Nq-1), so Nq must be greater than 1 to avoid division by zero and ensure meaningful results.
Q4: What are common applications of this calculation?
A: This calculation is used in foundation design, retaining wall analysis, and slope stability assessments where bearing capacity factors are known.
Q5: How accurate is this estimation method?
A: The accuracy depends on the precision of the input bearing capacity factors and the applicability of the underlying theoretical relationship.