Circumferential Stress Developed In Pipe Wall Calculator

Circumferential Stress Formula:

\[ \sigma_c = \frac{p \times D}{2 \times t_p} \]

Pressure Rise at Valve (p):

Diameter of Pipe (D):

Thickness of Liquid Carrying Pipe (tₚ):

Circumferential Stress (σc):

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1. What is Circumferential Stress?

Circumferential Stress is the force over area exerted circumferentially perpendicular to the axis and the radius in a pipe or cylindrical structure. It represents the stress that develops in the pipe wall due to internal pressure.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the circumferential stress formula:

\[ \sigma_c = \frac{p \times D}{2 \times t_p} \]

Where:

\( \sigma_c \) — Circumferential Stress (Pa)
\( p \) — Pressure Rise at Valve (Pa)
\( D \) — Diameter of Pipe (m)
\( t_p \) — Thickness of Liquid Carrying Pipe (m)

Explanation: This formula calculates the stress developed in the pipe wall due to internal pressure, which is directly proportional to the pressure and diameter, and inversely proportional to the wall thickness.

3. Importance of Circumferential Stress Calculation

Details: Calculating circumferential stress is crucial for pipe design and safety assessment. It helps determine if the pipe wall thickness is adequate to withstand the internal pressure without failure, ensuring structural integrity and preventing pipe bursts.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pressure rise at valve in Pascals (Pa), diameter of pipe in meters (m), and thickness of liquid carrying pipe in meters (m). All values must be positive and non-zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What units should be used for input values?
A: Pressure should be in Pascals (Pa), diameter and thickness in meters (m) for consistent SI unit results.

Q2: How does pipe diameter affect circumferential stress?
A: Circumferential stress increases linearly with pipe diameter - larger diameter pipes experience higher stress at the same internal pressure.

Q3: Why is wall thickness important in stress calculation?
A: Wall thickness is inversely proportional to stress - thicker walls reduce the circumferential stress for the same internal pressure and diameter.

Q4: What is the safety factor consideration?
A: The calculated stress should be compared to the material's yield strength with an appropriate safety factor to ensure safe operation.

Q5: Does this formula account for temperature effects?
A: This basic formula does not account for thermal stresses. For high-temperature applications, thermal expansion effects must be considered separately.