1. What is Cardiac Output?

Cardiac Output From Heart is the amount of blood flowing through the heart. It is a crucial hemodynamic parameter that indicates how effectively the heart is pumping blood throughout the body.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Cardiac Output formula:

Where:

• \( Co \) — Cardiac Output From Heart (m³/s)
• \( Sv \) — Stroke Volume of Blood (m³)
• \( Hr \) — Heart Rate (Hz)

Explanation: The equation calculates cardiac output by multiplying stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped per beat) by heart rate (the number of beats per second).

3. Importance of Cardiac Output Calculation

Details: Accurate cardiac output measurement is essential for assessing cardiovascular function, diagnosing heart conditions, monitoring critically ill patients, and guiding treatment decisions in various clinical settings.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter stroke volume in cubic meters (m³) and heart rate in hertz (Hz). All values must be valid positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal cardiac output range?
A: Normal cardiac output ranges from 4-8 liters per minute (approximately 0.000067-0.000133 m³/s) for a healthy adult at rest.

Q2: How does exercise affect cardiac output?
A: During exercise, cardiac output can increase up to 4-5 times the resting value due to increased heart rate and stroke volume.

Q3: What factors can affect cardiac output?
A: Factors include heart rate, stroke volume, blood volume, body position, exercise, emotional state, and various medical conditions.

Q4: How is cardiac output measured clinically?
A: Besides calculation, clinical methods include thermodilution, Fick method, echocardiography, and pulse contour analysis.

Q5: Why use m³/s and Hz units in this calculator?
A: These are SI units that provide standardization. In clinical practice, cardiac output is often expressed in L/min and heart rate in beats/min.