Flood Discharge By Dicken's Formula For Northern India Calculator

Dicken's Formula:

\[ Q_D = 11.4 \times (A_{km})^{\frac{3}{4}} \]

Flood Discharge (Q_D):

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1. What is Dicken's Formula for Flood Discharge?

Dicken's Formula is an empirical equation used to estimate flood discharge in Northern India. It relates the peak flood discharge to the catchment area of the watershed, providing a simplified method for flood estimation in this specific region.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Dicken's Formula:

\[ Q_D = 11.4 \times (A_{km})^{\frac{3}{4}} \]

Where:

\( Q_D \) — Flood discharge (m³/s)
\( A_{km} \) — Catchment area (km²)
11.4 — Regional coefficient for Northern India
\( \frac{3}{4} \) — Empirical exponent

Explanation: The formula establishes a power relationship between catchment area and peak flood discharge, with the coefficient 11.4 specifically calibrated for Northern Indian conditions.

3. Importance of Flood Discharge Calculation

Details: Accurate flood discharge estimation is crucial for hydraulic structure design, floodplain management, disaster preparedness, and infrastructure planning in flood-prone areas of Northern India.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the catchment area in square kilometers. The value must be positive and typically ranges from small watersheds to large river basins.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is Dicken's Formula specific to Northern India?
A: The coefficient 11.4 has been empirically derived and calibrated specifically for the hydrological characteristics and rainfall patterns of Northern India.

Q2: What are the limitations of Dicken's Formula?
A: This is an empirical formula that doesn't account for factors like rainfall intensity, soil type, slope, or land use. It should be used with caution and validated with local data.

Q3: For what catchment sizes is this formula applicable?
A: Dicken's Formula is generally applicable for catchment areas ranging from 50 to 5,000 km² in Northern India.

Q4: How does this compare to other flood estimation methods?
A: While simpler than rational method or unit hydrograph approaches, Dicken's Formula provides quick estimates specifically validated for Northern Indian conditions.

Q5: Should this formula be used for critical infrastructure design?
A: For critical structures, it's recommended to use multiple methods and consider detailed hydrological studies rather than relying solely on empirical formulas.