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The Actual Mass Given Current Efficiency formula calculates the actual mass of a substance liberated from an electrolyte by the passage of current, based on the current efficiency percentage and the theoretical mass deposited according to Faraday's law.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the actual mass deposited by multiplying the theoretical mass by the current efficiency percentage and dividing by 100.
Details: Calculating actual mass deposited is crucial for electrochemical processes, electroplating, and electrolysis applications where precise mass deposition is required for quality control and process optimization.
Tips: Enter current efficiency as a percentage (0-100%) and theoretical mass deposited in kilograms. Both values must be valid positive numbers.
Q1: What is current efficiency?
A: Current efficiency is the ratio of the actual mass of a substance liberated from an electrolyte by the passage of current to the theoretical mass liberated according to Faraday's law.
Q2: Why is current efficiency less than 100%?
A: Current efficiency is typically less than 100% due to side reactions, energy losses, and other inefficiencies in the electrochemical process.
Q3: What factors affect current efficiency?
A: Factors include electrode material, electrolyte composition, temperature, current density, and presence of impurities.
Q4: How is theoretical mass calculated?
A: Theoretical mass is calculated using Faraday's laws of electrolysis: \( m_t = \frac{(I \times t \times M)}{(n \times F)} \), where I is current, t is time, M is molar mass, n is number of electrons, and F is Faraday's constant.
Q5: What are typical current efficiency values?
A: Current efficiency values vary by process but typically range from 80% to 98% for well-optimized electrochemical systems.