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Additional Head is the applied head due to the velocity of approach in broad crested weir flow systems. It represents the difference between the upstream head and the total head at the weir.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the additional head by subtracting the total head from the upstream head, accounting for the velocity approach effect.
Details: Accurate calculation of additional head is crucial for proper weir design, flow measurement accuracy, and hydraulic structure performance assessment in water flow systems.
Tips: Enter Head on Upstream of Weir and Total Head in meters. Both values must be positive numbers with Head on Upstream greater than Total Head for meaningful results.
Q1: What is the physical significance of additional head?
A: Additional head represents the energy contribution from the velocity of approach, which affects the discharge characteristics over the weir.
Q2: When is additional head most significant?
A: Additional head becomes more significant in situations with high approach velocities, typically in channels with steep slopes or constrained cross-sections.
Q3: How does additional head affect weir discharge calculations?
A: Additional head increases the effective head driving the flow, which results in higher discharge rates than would be calculated without considering velocity approach effects.
Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes ideal flow conditions and may need adjustments for real-world factors like turbulence, viscosity effects, and non-uniform velocity distributions.
Q5: Can this formula be used for other weir types?
A: While the concept applies broadly, specific coefficients and adjustments may be needed for different weir configurations such as sharp-crested or V-notch weirs.