1. What is Conjugate Depth?

Conjugate depth refers to the two possible depths (y₁ and y₂) that can occur in a hydraulic jump in an open channel flow. These depths are related through the momentum equation and are conjugate to each other.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the conjugate depth formula:

Where:

• \( y_1 \) — Conjugate depth (m)
• \( y_2 \) — Depth of point 2 for rectangular channel (m)
• \( Fr \) — Froude Number

Explanation: This formula calculates the conjugate depth y₁ based on the known depth y₂ and Froude number, which describes the flow characteristics in open channel hydraulics.

3. Importance of Conjugate Depth Calculation

Details: Calculating conjugate depths is essential for designing hydraulic structures, analyzing hydraulic jumps, and understanding energy dissipation in open channel flows.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the depth y₂ in meters and the Froude number. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the conjugate depth y₁.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a hydraulic jump?
A: A hydraulic jump is a rapid transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, accompanied by significant energy dissipation and turbulence.

Q2: Why is Froude number important in conjugate depth calculations?
A: The Froude number determines whether the flow is subcritical (Fr < 1) or supercritical (Fr > 1), which is crucial for conjugate depth relationships.

Q3: Can this formula be used for non-rectangular channels?
A: This specific formula is derived for rectangular channels. Different relationships exist for other channel shapes.

Q4: What are practical applications of conjugate depth calculations?
A: Used in designing stilling basins, spillways, energy dissipators, and analyzing flow transitions in open channels.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The formula provides theoretical values based on momentum principles. Actual field conditions may vary due to friction and other factors.