Conjugate Depth Formula:
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Conjugate depth refers to the depth of flow after a hydraulic jump in an open channel. It represents the alternate depth that occurs when there's a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, conserving specific energy and momentum.
The calculator uses the conjugate depth formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the depth of flow after a hydraulic jump based on the initial depth and Froude number, which characterizes the flow regime.
Details: Calculating conjugate depth is essential for designing hydraulic structures, energy dissipation systems, and understanding flow transitions in open channels. It helps engineers predict the behavior of water flow and design appropriate channel dimensions.
Tips: Enter the initial depth in meters and the Froude number (dimensionless). Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the conjugate depth after the hydraulic jump.
Q1: What is a hydraulic jump?
A: A hydraulic jump is a rapid transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, characterized by a sudden rise in water surface and significant energy dissipation.
Q2: What does the Froude number indicate?
A: The Froude number indicates the flow regime: Fr < 1 (subcritical), Fr = 1 (critical), Fr > 1 (supercritical). Hydraulic jumps occur when Fr > 1.
Q3: Where are conjugate depth calculations used?
A: These calculations are used in spillway design, stilling basins, weir design, and any situation where energy dissipation through hydraulic jumps is required.
Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula assumes a rectangular channel, uniform flow conditions, and neglects friction losses and non-hydrostatic pressure distribution.
Q5: What is the energy loss in a hydraulic jump?
A: Significant energy is dissipated in a hydraulic jump, which can be calculated as the difference in specific energy before and after the jump.