1. What is Constant Depression Head?

Constant Depression Head for Coarse Sand is the difference of level of waters table and the water level in the well now is called a head of depression. It represents the hydraulic head difference that drives groundwater flow in coarse sand aquifers.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( H \) — Constant Depression Head (m)
• \( Q \) — Discharge rate (m³/s)
• \( A_{cs} \) — Cross-Sectional Area (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the constant depression head by dividing the discharge rate by the cross-sectional area of flow, with a factor of 1 for coarse sand conditions.

3. Importance of Constant Depression Head Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of constant depression head is crucial for groundwater flow analysis, well design, and understanding aquifer characteristics in coarse sand formations. It helps in determining the hydraulic gradient and predicting water movement in subsurface environments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter discharge in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of the factor 1 in the formula?
A: The factor 1 represents the specific capacity coefficient for coarse sand, which accounts for the permeability characteristics of this particular soil type.

Q2: How does coarse sand differ from other soil types in this calculation?
A: Coarse sand has higher permeability compared to finer soils, resulting in different flow characteristics and requiring specific coefficients for accurate head calculations.

Q3: What are typical values for constant depression head in coarse sand?
A: Values vary depending on discharge rates and cross-sectional areas, but typically range from 0.01 to 0.5 meters in most groundwater applications.

Q4: Can this formula be used for other soil types?
A: This specific formula with the factor of 1 is designed for coarse sand. Other soil types may require different coefficients based on their permeability characteristics.

Q5: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature primarily affects water viscosity, which can influence flow characteristics. However, for most practical applications with coarse sand, the effect is minimal and the formula provides accurate results.