1. What Is Critical Temperature?

Critical Temperature is the highest temperature at which the substance can exist as a liquid. At this phase boundaries vanish, and the substance can exist both as a liquid and vapor.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( T_c \) — Critical Temperature (K)
• \( T_i \) — Inversion Temperature (K)

Explanation: This formula relates the critical temperature of a substance to its inversion temperature through a constant factor of 4/27.

3. Importance Of Critical Temperature Calculation

Details: Critical temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic property that determines the conditions under which a gas can be liquefied. It's crucial in industrial processes like gas liquefaction, refrigeration, and supercritical fluid extraction.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter the inversion temperature in Kelvin. The value must be positive and valid for accurate calculation of critical temperature.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is inversion temperature?
A: The inversion temperature is the temperature at which there is no heating or cooling of the gas during Joule-Thomson expansion.

Q2: Why is the factor 4/27 used in this formula?
A: This factor comes from the van der Waals equation of state and represents the theoretical relationship between critical and inversion temperatures for real gases.

Q3: Is this formula applicable to all gases?
A: This formula provides a theoretical approximation based on the van der Waals equation. Actual values may vary for different gases due to molecular interactions.

Q4: What are typical critical temperature values?
A: Critical temperatures vary widely among substances. For example, water has a critical temperature of 647 K, while nitrogen has 126 K.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: This provides a theoretical estimate. For precise applications, experimental values or more sophisticated equations of state should be used.