Depth Of Flow Given Total Energy Per Unit Weight Of Water In Flow Section Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \text{Depth of Flow} = \text{Total Energy} - \left( \frac{\text{Mean Velocity}^2}{2 \times [g]} + \text{Height above Datum} \right) \] \[ df = E_{\text{total}} - \left( \frac{V_{\text{mean}}^2}{2 \times [g]} + y \right) \]

Depth of Flow (df):

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1. What is Depth of Flow given Total Energy?

Depth of Flow given Total Energy per Unit Weight of Water in Flow Section is a hydraulic calculation that determines the water depth in an open channel based on the total energy, mean velocity, and height above a reference datum.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \text{Depth of Flow} = \text{Total Energy} - \left( \frac{\text{Mean Velocity}^2}{2 \times [g]} + \text{Height above Datum} \right) \]

Where:

\( [g] \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s²)
Total Energy — Total energy per unit weight (Joule)
Mean Velocity — Average velocity of water flow (m/s)
Height above Datum — Elevation from reference zero (Meter)

Explanation: This formula calculates the depth of flow by subtracting the velocity head and elevation head from the total energy head.

3. Importance of Depth Calculation

Details: Accurate depth calculation is crucial for hydraulic engineering, flood management, irrigation system design, and water resource management in open channels.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter total energy in Joules, mean velocity in m/s, and height above datum in meters. All values must be valid positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of gravitational acceleration in this formula?
A: Gravitational acceleration (g) is essential for converting velocity to velocity head, which represents the kinetic energy component of the total energy.

Q2: Can this formula be used for both open channels and closed conduits?
A: This formula is primarily designed for open channel flow calculations where the water surface is exposed to atmospheric pressure.

Q3: What are typical units for these measurements?
A: Total energy is measured in Joules, velocity in meters per second, and both depth and height in meters in the SI system.

Q4: How does height above datum affect the depth calculation?
A: Height above datum represents the potential energy component and must be subtracted from total energy along with velocity head to determine the actual flow depth.

Q5: What are the limitations of this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes steady, uniform flow and may not account for energy losses due to friction, turbulence, or other flow disturbances.