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The effective convection coefficient on outside represents the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat, accounting for both the convection coefficient outside tubes and the fouling factor on the outside surface.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the combined effect of convection heat transfer and fouling resistance on the outside surface of heat exchanger tubes.
Details: Accurate calculation of effective convection coefficient is crucial for designing heat exchangers, predicting heat transfer performance, and accounting for the detrimental effects of fouling on heat transfer efficiency.
Tips: Enter the convection coefficient outside tubes and fouling factor on outside in W/m²·K. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: What is fouling factor in heat transfer?
A: Fouling factor represents the theoretical resistance to heat flow due to the build-up of dirt, scale, or other fouling substances on heat transfer surfaces.
Q2: How does fouling affect heat transfer performance?
A: Fouling increases thermal resistance, reduces heat transfer efficiency, increases pressure drop, and can lead to higher energy consumption and operational costs.
Q3: What are typical values for convection coefficients?
A: Convection coefficients vary widely depending on fluid properties, flow conditions, and geometry, typically ranging from 10-10,000 W/m²·K for various applications.
Q4: How is fouling factor determined?
A: Fouling factors are typically based on empirical data, industry standards, or experimental measurements for specific fluids and operating conditions.
Q5: Can this formula be used for other heat transfer surfaces?
A: While the concept applies generally, specific applications may require modified formulas or additional considerations for different geometries and flow conditions.