Equation Of Head For Unconfined Aquifer On Horizontal Impervious Base Calculator

Equation of Head for Unconfined Aquifer:

\[ h = \sqrt{\left(\frac{-R \cdot x^2}{K}\right) - \left(\frac{h_o^2 - h_1^2 - \frac{R \cdot L_{stream}^2}{K}}{L_{stream}} \cdot x\right) + h_o^2} \]

Natural Recharge (R):

m³/s

Flow in 'x' Direction (x):

m³/s

Coefficient of Permeability (K):

m/s

Piezometric Head at Upstream End (hₒ):

Piezometric Head at Downstream End (h₁):

Length between Upstream and Downstream (L):

Water Table Profile (h):

Unit Converter ▲

Unit Converter ▼

From:	To:

1. What is the Equation of Head for Unconfined Aquifer?

The Equation of Head for Unconfined Aquifer on Horizontal Impervious Base calculates the water table profile in an unconfined aquifer system with natural recharge. This equation is essential for understanding groundwater flow patterns and water table elevations in hydrogeological studies.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the equation:

\[ h = \sqrt{\left(\frac{-R \cdot x^2}{K}\right) - \left(\frac{h_o^2 - h_1^2 - \frac{R \cdot L_{stream}^2}{K}}{L_{stream}} \cdot x\right) + h_o^2} \]

Where:

\( h \) — Water table profile (m)
\( R \) — Natural recharge (m³/s)
\( x \) — Flow in 'x' direction (m³/s)
\( K \) — Coefficient of permeability (m/s)
\( h_o \) — Piezometric head at upstream end (m)
\( h_1 \) — Piezometric head at downstream end (m)
\( L_{stream} \) — Length between upstream and downstream (m)

Explanation: This equation accounts for the natural recharge and flow characteristics in an unconfined aquifer system with a horizontal impervious base.

3. Importance of Water Table Profile Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of water table profile is crucial for groundwater resource management, understanding aquifer behavior, predicting water availability, and designing effective groundwater extraction systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units. Natural recharge and flow should be in m³/s, permeability in m/s, heads in meters, and length in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is an unconfined aquifer?
A: An unconfined aquifer is a groundwater system where the water table forms the upper boundary and is free to rise and fall based on recharge and discharge.

Q2: How does natural recharge affect the water table?
A: Natural recharge from precipitation increases the water table elevation, while extraction or discharge lowers it.

Q3: What is the coefficient of permeability?
A: The coefficient of permeability describes how easily water can move through soil or rock, with higher values indicating more permeable materials.

Q4: When is this equation most applicable?
A: This equation is specifically designed for unconfined aquifers with a horizontal impervious base and steady-state flow conditions with uniform recharge.

Q5: What are the limitations of this equation?
A: The equation assumes homogeneous aquifer properties, constant recharge, and may not accurately represent complex geological settings or transient conditions.