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William Hazen's Formula:
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William Hazen's Formula is an empirical equation used to calculate flow velocity in open channels and pipes. It accounts for pipe roughness, hydraulic mean depth, and channel slope to estimate the velocity of fluid flow in hydraulic systems.
The calculator uses William Hazen's formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates flow velocity based on channel characteristics and roughness coefficient, providing an estimate of how fast fluid moves through a channel or pipe.
Details: Accurate flow velocity calculation is essential for designing hydraulic systems, determining flow rates, assessing erosion potential, and ensuring proper system operation in water supply, drainage, and irrigation systems.
Tips: Enter the William Hazen coefficient, hydraulic mean depth in meters, and bed slope of the channel. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What is the typical range for William Hazen coefficient?
A: The William Hazen coefficient typically ranges from 100-150 for smooth pipes to 80-100 for rough pipes, depending on pipe material and condition.
Q2: How is hydraulic mean depth calculated?
A: Hydraulic mean depth is calculated as the cross-sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter of the channel.
Q3: What units should be used for bed slope?
A: Bed slope should be entered as a dimensionless ratio (e.g., 0.001 for a 0.1% slope).
Q4: When is William Hazen's formula most applicable?
A: This formula is most applicable for flow in open channels and pipes where the flow is turbulent and the channel characteristics are known.
Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula is empirical and may have limitations in extreme conditions, for non-uniform flow, or in channels with complex geometries.