1. What is Frequency of PWM?

Frequency of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is calculated as the reciprocal of the total time period, which is the sum of ON time and OFF time. It determines how many PWM cycles occur per second.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the PWM frequency equation:

Where:

• \( f_{PWM} \) — Frequency of PWM (Hz)
• \( T_{on} \) — ON time (seconds)
• \( T_{off} \) — OFF time (seconds)

Explanation: The equation calculates the frequency by taking the inverse of the total time period, which is the sum of the ON and OFF times of the PWM signal.

3. Importance of PWM Frequency Calculation

Details: Accurate PWM frequency calculation is crucial for controlling motors, LEDs, and other electronic devices where precise timing and duty cycle control are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter ON time and OFF time in seconds. Both values must be valid positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between frequency and period?
A: Frequency is the reciprocal of the period. Higher frequency means shorter period and vice versa.

Q2: How does PWM frequency affect motor control?
A: Higher PWM frequencies can reduce motor noise and provide smoother operation, but may increase switching losses in the control circuitry.

Q3: What are typical PWM frequency ranges?
A: PWM frequencies can range from a few Hz for slow applications to several kHz for motor control and up to MHz for high-speed switching applications.

Q4: How does duty cycle relate to frequency?
A: Duty cycle (percentage of ON time) and frequency are independent parameters. You can have the same frequency with different duty cycles.

Q5: When should I use higher PWM frequencies?
A: Use higher frequencies when you need to reduce audible noise, minimize ripple in filtered outputs, or when controlling fast-response devices.