1. What is Hands-Off Velocity?

Hands-off velocity is the velocity at which a vehicle can move through a curved path without requiring steering input, achieved through proper super elevation of the road surface.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the hands-off velocity formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Hands-off velocity (m/s)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
• \( R \) — Radius of curve (m)
• \( \theta \) — Angle of super elevation (rad)

Explanation: The formula calculates the optimal speed at which the centrifugal force is balanced by the component of gravitational force due to road banking.

3. Importance of Hands-Off Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating hands-off velocity is crucial for road design and vehicle safety, ensuring that vehicles can navigate curves safely without excessive steering input or risk of skidding.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter acceleration due to gravity in m/s² (default 9.8), radius of curve in meters, and angle of super elevation in radians. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is super elevation in road design?
A: Super elevation is the banking of a road or railway track along a curve to counteract the centrifugal force on vehicles.

Q2: Why is hands-off velocity important?
A: It represents the ideal speed where no steering correction is needed, providing optimal safety and comfort for vehicle occupants.

Q3: How does radius affect hands-off velocity?
A: Larger radius curves allow for higher hands-off velocities, while tighter curves require lower speeds for safe navigation.

Q4: What units should be used for angle input?
A: The angle should be entered in radians. To convert from degrees to radians, multiply by π/180.

Q5: Are there limitations to this calculation?
A: This calculation assumes ideal conditions and doesn't account for factors like friction, vehicle characteristics, or road surface conditions.