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Heat Transfer By Conduction Formula:
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Heat Transfer By Conduction is the transfer of heat by means of molecular excitement within a material without bulk motion of the matter. It occurs through direct contact between particles in a solid or stationary fluid.
The calculator uses the conduction heat transfer formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the heat transfer by conduction based on the Graetz number and the convective heat transfer coefficient.
Details: Accurate heat transfer calculation is crucial for thermal system design, energy efficiency analysis, and predicting temperature distributions in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter Graetz number (dimensionless) and convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m²K). Both values must be positive numbers.
Q1: What is the Graetz number used for?
A: Graetz number is used in determining the thermally developing flow entrance length in ducts and analyzing heat transfer in laminar flow systems.
Q2: What's the difference between conduction and convection?
A: Conduction involves heat transfer through direct molecular contact without bulk motion, while convection involves heat transfer through fluid movement.
Q3: What are typical values for heat transfer coefficients?
A: Convective heat transfer coefficients range from 5-25 W/m²K for natural convection to 50-1000+ W/m²K for forced convection, depending on the fluid and flow conditions.
Q4: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula is particularly useful in analyzing heat transfer in thermally developing flows and duct systems where both conduction and convection play significant roles.
Q5: What are the limitations of this approach?
A: This simplified approach assumes constant properties and may not account for complex boundary conditions, turbulence effects, or variable thermal properties.