Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density Calculator

Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density Formula:

\[ B_{0c} = \frac{1}{d} \times \sqrt{2 \times \frac{m_e}{e} \times V_0} \]

Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density:

Unit Converter ▲

Unit Converter ▼

From:	To:

1. What is Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density?

Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density is the minimum magnetic flux density required to prevent electrons from reaching the anode in a vacuum tube. It represents the critical magnetic field strength at which electron trajectories are completely curved back to the cathode.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Hull Cutoff formula:

\[ B_{0c} = \frac{1}{d} \times \sqrt{2 \times \frac{m_e}{e} \times V_0} \]

Where:

\( B_{0c} \) — Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density (T)
\( d \) — Distance Between Anode and Cathode (m)
\( m_e \) — Mass of electron (9.10938356 × 10⁻³¹ kg)
\( e \) — Charge of electron (1.60217662 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
\( V_0 \) — Anode Voltage (V)

Explanation: The formula calculates the minimum magnetic field required to prevent electrons from reaching the anode based on the geometry and applied voltage in a vacuum tube.

3. Importance of Hull Cutoff Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density is crucial for designing and operating magnetrons and other vacuum tube devices, ensuring proper electron beam control and device efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter distance between anode and cathode in meters, anode voltage in volts. All values must be valid positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the physical significance of Hull Cutoff?
A: Hull Cutoff represents the threshold magnetic field strength where electron trajectories become completely curved, preventing them from reaching the anode in vacuum tube devices.

Q2: How does anode voltage affect the cutoff magnetic field?
A: Higher anode voltages require stronger magnetic fields to achieve cutoff, as the relationship follows a square root dependence.

Q3: What are typical values for Hull Cutoff Magnetic Flux Density?
A: Values typically range from 0.001 to 0.1 Tesla, depending on the specific device geometry and operating voltage.

Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula assumes ideal conditions and may need adjustments for non-uniform fields, space charge effects, or relativistic electrons at very high voltages.

Q5: What applications use Hull Cutoff calculations?
A: Primarily used in magnetron design, vacuum tube engineering, and electron beam control applications in various electronic devices.