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Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness Formula:
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The hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness represents the distance from a solid surface where the fluid velocity reaches 99% of the free-stream velocity. It quantifies the region affected by viscous forces in fluid flow over a surface.
The calculator uses the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the thickness of the boundary layer at a specific distance from the leading edge of a flat plate, based on the Reynolds number which characterizes the flow regime.
Details: Accurate boundary layer thickness calculation is crucial for predicting drag forces, heat transfer rates, and flow separation in various engineering applications including aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and thermal systems design.
Tips: Enter the distance from leading edge in meters and the Reynolds number (dimensionless). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: What is the Reynolds number range for this formula?
A: This formula is typically valid for laminar flow with Reynolds numbers between 5×10⁵ and 10⁷, though specific applicability may vary.
Q2: How does boundary layer thickness change with distance?
A: Boundary layer thickness increases with distance from the leading edge, typically following a power-law relationship.
Q3: What factors affect boundary layer development?
A: Surface roughness, pressure gradient, fluid properties, and flow velocity all significantly influence boundary layer development.
Q4: How accurate is this formula?
A: This formula provides a good approximation for laminar boundary layers on smooth flat plates with zero pressure gradient.
Q5: When does transition to turbulent flow occur?
A: Transition typically occurs around Reynolds numbers of 5×10⁵, but can vary significantly based on surface conditions and flow disturbances.