Incident Voltage using Transmitted Voltage (Line PL) Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ V_i = \frac{V_t \cdot Z_1}{2} \cdot \left( \frac{1}{Z_1} + \frac{1}{Z_2} + \frac{1}{Z_3} \right) \]

Transmitted Voltage (Vt):

Impedance of Primary Winding (Z1):

Impedance of Secondary Winding (Z2):

Impedance of Tertiary Winding (Z3):

Incident Voltage (Vi):

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1. What is Incident Voltage?

The Incident Voltage on the transmission line is equal to half the generator voltage. It represents the initial voltage wave that travels along the transmission line before encountering any impedance mismatches or reflections.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V_i = \frac{V_t \cdot Z_1}{2} \cdot \left( \frac{1}{Z_1} + \frac{1}{Z_2} + \frac{1}{Z_3} \right) \]

Where:

\( V_i \) — Incident Voltage (V)
\( V_t \) — Transmitted Voltage (V)
\( Z_1 \) — Impedance of Primary Winding (Ω)
\( Z_2 \) — Impedance of Secondary Winding (Ω)
\( Z_3 \) — Impedance of Tertiary Winding (Ω)

Explanation: This formula calculates the incident voltage based on the transmitted voltage and the impedances of the primary, secondary, and tertiary windings in a transmission line system.

3. Importance of Incident Voltage Calculation

Details: Accurate incident voltage calculation is crucial for transmission line analysis, power system protection, and understanding wave propagation characteristics in electrical networks.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter transmitted voltage in volts, and all impedances in ohms. All values must be valid positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between incident and transmitted voltage?
A: Incident voltage is the initial voltage wave, while transmitted voltage is the voltage that passes through the load after considering impedance effects and reflections.

Q2: Why are multiple winding impedances considered?
A: Multiple winding impedances are considered to account for the complex impedance network in transmission systems with multiple windings or transformer configurations.

Q3: What are typical impedance values for transmission lines?
A: Impedance values vary depending on the transmission line design, but typically range from tens to hundreds of ohms for different winding configurations.

Q4: How does incident voltage affect system protection?
A: Understanding incident voltage helps in designing proper protection schemes by predicting voltage behavior during faults and transient conditions.

Q5: Can this formula be used for DC systems?
A: This formula is primarily designed for AC systems where impedance includes both resistance and reactance components.