1. What is Khosla Derived Expression for Exit Gradient?

The Khosla derived expression for exit gradient is used to calculate the pressure gradient of water at the exit end in seepage flow problems. It helps in determining the safety against piping failure in hydraulic structures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Khosla derived expression:

Where:

• \( GE \) — Exit gradient
• \( H \) — Total seepage head (m)
• \( d \) — Depth of floor (m)
• \( \lambda \) — Constant value for exit gradient

Explanation: The formula calculates the exit gradient which represents the hydraulic gradient at the downstream end of the seepage path.

3. Importance of Exit Gradient Calculation

Details: Calculating exit gradient is crucial for designing safe hydraulic structures and preventing piping failure, which occurs when the upward seepage force exceeds the submerged weight of the soil.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter total seepage head in meters, depth of floor in meters, and constant value for exit gradient. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a safe value for exit gradient?
A: Safe exit gradient values depend on soil type. Generally, values below 0.25-0.30 are considered safe for most soils.

Q2: How is the constant value λ determined?
A: The constant value λ is derived from the geometry of the hydraulic structure and seepage path characteristics.

Q3: What factors affect the exit gradient?
A: Exit gradient is affected by total head, depth of impervious floor, and the geometry of the flow path.

Q4: When is exit gradient calculation most important?
A: Exit gradient calculation is critical in the design of dams, weirs, and other hydraulic structures where seepage flow occurs.

Q5: Can this formula be used for all soil types?
A: While the formula provides a general approach, specific soil properties may require additional considerations for accurate results.