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Line Losses in a 3 Phase 3 Wire US system refer to the power losses that occur in an underground AC transmission line due to the resistance of the conductors. These losses represent the energy dissipated as heat in the line during power transmission.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates power losses in a 3-phase system by multiplying the square of the current by the resistance and then by 3 (for three phases).
Details: Calculating line losses is crucial for power system efficiency analysis, energy cost estimation, and proper sizing of conductors to minimize energy waste in electrical distribution systems.
Tips: Enter the current value in Amperes and resistance value in Ohms. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: Why is the factor 3 used in the formula?
A: The factor 3 accounts for the three phases in a 3-phase system, as the losses occur in each of the three conductors.
Q2: What causes resistance in underground AC cables?
A: Resistance is caused by the material properties of the conductor, its cross-sectional area, length, and temperature.
Q3: How can line losses be reduced?
A: Line losses can be reduced by using conductors with larger cross-sectional area, improving power factor, or reducing the current flow through voltage optimization.
Q4: Are underground line losses different from overhead lines?
A: While the calculation formula is the same, underground cables may have different thermal characteristics and installation conditions that affect overall system losses.
Q5: What is the typical range of line losses in power systems?
A: Line losses typically range from 2-8% of the total power transmitted, depending on the system design, conductor size, and load conditions.