Load Current using Area of X-section (1 Phase 3 Wire US) Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ I = \sqrt{\frac{P_{loss} \times A}{\rho \times L \times 2}} \]

Line Losses (P_loss):

Watt

Area of Underground AC Wire (A):

m²

Resistivity (ρ):

Ω·m

Length of Underground AC Wire (L):

Current Underground AC (I):

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1. What is Load Current using Area of X-section?

This calculator determines the load current in a 1-phase 3-wire underground AC system based on line losses, wire cross-sectional area, resistivity, and wire length. It helps in electrical system design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ I = \sqrt{\frac{P_{loss} \times A}{\rho \times L \times 2}} \]

Where:

\( I \) — Current Underground AC (Ampere)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (Watt)
\( A \) — Area of Underground AC Wire (m²)
\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( L \) — Length of Underground AC Wire (m)

Explanation: The formula calculates the current by considering the relationship between power losses, material properties, and physical dimensions of the conductor.

3. Importance of Current Calculation

Details: Accurate current calculation is essential for proper cable sizing, voltage drop analysis, and ensuring efficient and safe operation of electrical distribution systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line losses in watts, area in square meters, resistivity in ohm-meters, and length in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the factor of 2 used in the denominator?
A: The factor of 2 accounts for the return path in single-phase systems, where current flows through both the line and neutral conductors.

Q2: What is typical resistivity for copper conductors?
A: Copper has a resistivity of approximately 1.68 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m at 20°C, though this varies with temperature and purity.

Q3: How does wire area affect current carrying capacity?
A: Larger cross-sectional areas generally allow for higher current carrying capacity with reduced resistance and lower power losses.

Q4: When should this calculation be used?
A: This calculation is particularly useful for underground AC distribution systems where thermal considerations and voltage drop are important design factors.

Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula assumes uniform material properties and temperature conditions. Actual performance may vary with temperature changes, skin effect, and proximity effect.