Longitudinal Stress (Axial Stress) in Cylindrical Shell Calculator

Longitudinal Stress Formula:

\[ \sigma_{CylindricalShell} = \frac{P_{LS} \times D}{4 \times t_c} \]

Internal Pressure (P_LS):

Pascal

Mean Diameter of Shell (D):

Meter

Thickness of Cylindrical Shell (t_c):

Meter

Longitudinal Stress (σ_{CylindricalShell}):

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1. What is Longitudinal Stress in Cylindrical Shell?

Longitudinal stress (axial stress) in a cylindrical shell refers to the stress acting parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. It is caused by internal pressure acting on the ends of the cylindrical vessel.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the longitudinal stress formula:

\[ \sigma_{CylindricalShell} = \frac{P_{LS} \times D}{4 \times t_c} \]

Where:

\( \sigma_{CylindricalShell} \) — Longitudinal stress (Pascal)
\( P_{LS} \) — Internal pressure (Pascal)
\( D \) — Mean diameter of shell (Meter)
\( t_c \) — Thickness of cylindrical shell (Meter)

Explanation: The formula calculates the stress along the length of a cylindrical pressure vessel caused by internal pressure.

3. Importance of Longitudinal Stress Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of longitudinal stress is crucial for designing pressure vessels, piping systems, and storage tanks to ensure structural integrity and prevent failure under internal pressure.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter internal pressure in Pascal, mean diameter in meters, and thickness in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between longitudinal and hoop stress?
A: Longitudinal stress acts parallel to the cylinder's axis, while hoop stress acts circumferentially. Hoop stress is typically twice the longitudinal stress.

Q2: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies to thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels where the wall thickness is less than 1/10 of the radius.

Q3: What are typical units for these measurements?
A: While we use SI units (Pascal and meters), other unit systems can be used as long as they're consistent.

Q4: How does temperature affect longitudinal stress?
A: Temperature changes can cause thermal expansion, which may add to or subtract from the pressure-induced stress depending on constraints.

Q5: What safety factors should be considered?
A: Engineering designs typically include safety factors of 2-4 depending on the application, material properties, and regulatory requirements.