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Longitudinal Stress is defined as the stress produced when a pipe or cylindrical vessel is subjected to internal pressure. It acts parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: In thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels, the longitudinal stress is exactly half of the hoop stress due to the geometry and pressure distribution.
Details: Calculating longitudinal stress is crucial for designing pressure vessels, pipes, and cylindrical containers to ensure structural integrity and prevent failure under internal pressure.
Tips: Enter the hoop stress value in Pascal. The value must be greater than zero. The calculator will compute the corresponding longitudinal stress.
Q1: Why is longitudinal stress half of hoop stress?
A: This relationship comes from the mechanics of thin-walled pressure vessels where the hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress due to the circumferential direction having twice the area subjected to pressure.
Q2: What are typical units for these stresses?
A: Stresses are typically measured in Pascal (Pa), but may also be expressed in MPa, psi, or other pressure units depending on the application.
Q3: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies specifically to thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels where the wall thickness is less than one-tenth of the radius.
Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: Yes, this formula is not accurate for thick-walled cylinders or vessels with significant end effects or external loads beyond internal pressure.
Q5: How does material properties affect these stresses?
A: While the stress relationship remains constant, material properties determine whether the vessel can withstand these stresses without yielding or failing.