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Stickler's Formula:
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The Manning's rugosity coefficient (n) is a value used in Manning's formula to determine energy losses of flowing water due to pipe or channel roughness. It represents the frictional resistance experienced by the fluid flow.
Stickler's formula calculates the rugosity coefficient based on particle diameter:
Where:
Explanation: The formula establishes a relationship between particle size and flow resistance, where larger particles create more roughness and thus higher rugosity coefficients.
Details: Accurate estimation of rugosity coefficient is crucial for hydraulic calculations, pipe design, flow rate predictions, and energy loss computations in fluid systems.
Tips: Enter the diameter of particle in meters. The value must be valid (diameter > 0).
Q1: What is the typical range of rugosity coefficients?
A: Rugosity coefficients typically range from 0.010 for smooth surfaces to 0.035 for rough natural channels.
Q2: How does particle diameter affect rugosity?
A: Larger particle diameters generally result in higher rugosity coefficients as they create more flow resistance.
Q3: When is Stickler's formula most applicable?
A: Stickler's formula is particularly useful for estimating rugosity in gravel-bed streams and channels with uniform particle sizes.
Q4: Are there limitations to Stickler's formula?
A: The formula assumes uniform particle distribution and may be less accurate for channels with mixed particle sizes or complex geometries.
Q5: How is the rugosity coefficient used in Manning's equation?
A: In Manning's equation (V = (1/n) × R²/³ × S¹/²), the rugosity coefficient inversely affects flow velocity - higher n values result in lower flow velocities.