Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion At Node Calculator

Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion Formula:

\[ X = \frac{H_w \cdot T_n}{2\pi} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{g}{D}} \]

Standing Wave Height of Ocean (Hw):

Natural Free Oscillating Period of a Basin (Tn):

Water Depth (D):

Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion (X):

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1. What is Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion?

Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion refers to the maximum distance that a particle can travel horizontally from its initial position under the influence of a wave or current in a standing wave system.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion formula:

\[ X = \frac{H_w \cdot T_n}{2\pi} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{g}{D}} \]

Where:

\( X \) — Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion (m)
\( H_w \) — Standing Wave Height of Ocean (m)
\( T_n \) — Natural Free Oscillating Period of a Basin (s)
\( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s²)
\( D \) — Water Depth (m)
\( \pi \) — Archimedes' constant (3.141592653589793)

Explanation: This formula calculates the maximum horizontal distance a water particle moves in a standing wave system, considering wave height, basin period, and water depth.

3. Importance of Maximum Horizontal Particle Excursion

Details: Understanding particle excursion is crucial for coastal engineering, sediment transport studies, and designing marine structures that can withstand wave-induced forces.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter standing wave height in meters, natural period in seconds, and water depth in meters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a standing wave in oceanography?
A: A standing wave results when two equal waves are moving in opposite directions, creating a wave pattern that appears to stand still while oscillating vertically.

Q2: How does water depth affect particle excursion?
A: Shallower water depths generally result in larger particle excursions for the same wave conditions due to the reduced water column constraint.

Q3: What is the natural oscillating period of a basin?
A: It's the time it takes for a wave to travel from one end of the basin to the other and back again, representing the basin's resonant period.

Q4: Where is this calculation typically applied?
A: This calculation is used in harbor design, coastal engineering, and studying sediment transport patterns in enclosed or semi-enclosed water bodies.

Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula assumes ideal conditions and may need adjustments for real-world applications considering factors like bottom friction, wave breaking, and complex basin geometries.