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Maximum Velocity Formula:
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Maximum Velocity at the axis of a cylindrical element refers to the highest velocity value in a fully developed laminar flow through a circular pipe. In parabolic flow profiles, this occurs at the centerline of the pipe.
The calculator uses the simple formula:
Where:
Explanation: For fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe, the maximum velocity at the center is exactly twice the mean velocity across the cross-section.
Details: Calculating maximum velocity is crucial for understanding flow characteristics, determining shear stresses, and designing efficient fluid transport systems in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter the mean velocity value in m/s. The value must be positive and valid for accurate calculation of maximum velocity.
Q1: Why is maximum velocity twice the mean velocity?
A: This relationship holds true for parabolic velocity profiles in laminar flow through circular pipes, where the velocity is maximum at the center and zero at the walls.
Q2: Does this formula apply to turbulent flow?
A: No, this relationship is specific to fully developed laminar flow. Turbulent flow has a different velocity profile and the ratio differs.
Q3: What are typical applications of this calculation?
A: This calculation is used in pipe flow analysis, hydraulic systems design, blood flow studies, and various industrial fluid transport applications.
Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: Yes, this formula only applies to Newtonian fluids in fully developed laminar flow through straight circular pipes with smooth walls.
Q5: How does pipe diameter affect this relationship?
A: The 2:1 ratio between maximum and mean velocity remains constant regardless of pipe diameter for laminar flow conditions.