Maximum Voltage using Area of X-Section (1-Phase 2-Wire US) Calculator

Formula:

\[ V_m = \sqrt{\frac{4 \times L \times \rho \times P^2}{A \times P_{loss} \times (\cos(\Phi))^2}} \]

Length of Underground AC Wire:

Resistivity:

Ω·m

Power Transmitted:

Area of Underground AC Wire:

m²

Line Losses:

Phase Difference:

rad

Maximum Voltage Underground AC:

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1. What is Maximum Voltage using Area of X-Section (1-Phase 2-Wire US)?

Maximum Voltage using Area of X-Section (1-Phase 2-Wire US) calculates the peak voltage in a single-phase two-wire underground AC system based on various electrical parameters including wire length, resistivity, power transmitted, cross-sectional area, line losses, and phase difference.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V_m = \sqrt{\frac{4 \times L \times \rho \times P^2}{A \times P_{loss} \times (\cos(\Phi))^2}} \]

Where:

\( V_m \) — Maximum Voltage Underground AC (V)
\( L \) — Length of Underground AC Wire (m)
\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( P \) — Power Transmitted (W)
\( A \) — Area of Underground AC Wire (m²)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (W)
\( \Phi \) — Phase Difference (rad)

Explanation: This formula calculates the maximum voltage by considering the relationship between power transmission, wire characteristics, and electrical losses in a single-phase two-wire underground AC system.

3. Importance of Maximum Voltage Calculation

Details: Calculating maximum voltage is crucial for proper system design, ensuring voltage regulation, minimizing power losses, and maintaining equipment safety in underground AC power distribution systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units (meters for length, Ω·m for resistivity, watts for power and losses, m² for area, and radians for phase difference). All values must be positive and non-zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is maximum voltage calculation important?
A: It helps in proper system design, ensures equipment compatibility, and maintains voltage within safe operating limits.

Q2: What factors affect maximum voltage in underground systems?
A: Wire length, material resistivity, power load, cross-sectional area, system losses, and power factor all influence maximum voltage.

Q3: How does phase difference affect the calculation?
A: Phase difference (power factor) significantly impacts voltage calculation as it affects the reactive power component and overall system efficiency.

Q4: What are typical resistivity values for underground cables?
A: Copper has resistivity of about 1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, while aluminum is about 2.82×10⁻⁸ Ω·m at 20°C.

Q5: When should this calculation be used?
A: This calculation is essential for designing new underground AC systems, upgrading existing systems, or troubleshooting voltage-related issues in single-phase two-wire configurations.