Maximum Voltage Using Line Losses (2-Phase 3-Wire US) Calculator

Maximum Voltage Underground AC Formula:

\[ V_m = \frac{P \times \sqrt{(2 + \sqrt{2}) \times \rho \times L / (A \times P_{loss})}}{\cos(\Phi)} \]

Power Transmitted (P):

Watt

Resistivity (ρ):

Ω·m

Length of Underground AC Wire (L):

Meter

Area of Underground AC Wire (A):

m²

Line Losses (P_loss):

Watt

Phase Difference (Φ):

Degrees

Maximum Voltage Underground AC (V_m):

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1. What is Maximum Voltage Using Line Losses?

The Maximum Voltage Using Line Losses formula calculates the peak voltage in a 2-Phase 3-Wire underground AC system, taking into account power transmission, line losses, material properties, and phase characteristics.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V_m = \frac{P \times \sqrt{(2 + \sqrt{2}) \times \rho \times L / (A \times P_{loss})}}{\cos(\Phi)} \]

Where:

\( V_m \) — Maximum Voltage Underground AC (Volt)
\( P \) — Power Transmitted (Watt)
\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( L \) — Length of Underground AC Wire (Meter)
\( A \) — Area of Underground AC Wire (m²)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (Watt)
\( \Phi \) — Phase Difference (Degrees)

Explanation: This formula accounts for the electrical properties of the transmission system, including power loss, material resistance, and phase characteristics to determine the maximum voltage.

3. Importance of Maximum Voltage Calculation

Details: Accurate maximum voltage calculation is crucial for designing efficient power transmission systems, ensuring proper insulation requirements, and maintaining system safety and reliability.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units. Power, resistivity, length, area, and losses must be positive values. Phase difference should be between 0-90 degrees.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of the (2+√2) factor?
A: This factor accounts for the specific configuration of a 2-Phase 3-Wire system and its electrical characteristics.

Q2: How does resistivity affect maximum voltage?
A: Higher resistivity materials require higher voltage to transmit the same power over the same distance with the same losses.

Q3: Why is phase difference important in this calculation?
A: Phase difference affects the power factor, which influences the relationship between real power, apparent power, and voltage requirements.

Q4: What are typical line losses in underground systems?
A: Line losses typically range from 2-8% of transmitted power, depending on system design and operating conditions.

Q5: How does wire area affect maximum voltage?
A: Larger wire area reduces resistance, which allows for lower voltage requirements to transmit the same power with the same losses.