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Maximum Voltage Underground AC is defined as the peak amplitude of the AC voltage supplied to the line or wire in a 1-Phase 2-Wire Mid-Point Earthed system. It represents the highest voltage value in the AC cycle.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the maximum voltage by considering the transmitted power, current flow, and the phase difference between voltage and current in the AC circuit.
Details: Calculating maximum voltage is crucial for proper system design, insulation selection, and ensuring electrical safety in underground AC transmission systems. It helps determine the peak stress on system components.
Tips: Enter power in watts, current in amperes, and phase difference in radians. All values must be positive numbers (phase difference ≥ 0).
Q1: Why is the square root of 2 used in the formula?
A: The square root of 2 (approximately 1.414) is used to convert between RMS (root mean square) values and peak values in AC circuits, as \( V_{peak} = V_{RMS} \times \sqrt{2} \).
Q2: What is the significance of phase difference in this calculation?
A: Phase difference accounts for the power factor of the system, which affects the relationship between apparent power and real power in AC circuits.
Q3: Can this calculator be used for DC systems?
A: No, this formula is specifically for AC systems. For DC systems, the calculation is simpler as there's no phase difference or RMS/peak conversion needed.
Q4: What are typical values for phase difference?
A: Phase difference typically ranges from 0 to π/2 radians (0 to 90 degrees). A phase difference of 0 indicates a purely resistive load.
Q5: How does mid-point earthing affect the voltage calculation?
A: In a mid-point earthed system, the maximum voltage to earth is half of the maximum voltage between conductors, which is important for insulation design and safety considerations.