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Mean velocity is defined as the average velocity of a fluid at a point and over an arbitrary time period. It represents the steady flow velocity that would produce the same discharge as the actual flow through the same cross-sectional area.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula applies to fully developed laminar flow in circular pipes where the velocity profile is parabolic. The mean velocity is exactly two-thirds of the maximum velocity at the center of the pipe.
Details: Calculating mean velocity is crucial for determining flow rates, designing piping systems, analyzing fluid transport efficiency, and understanding pressure drops in various engineering applications.
Tips: Enter the maximum velocity value in meters per second (m/s). The value must be positive and greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies specifically to fully developed laminar flow in circular pipes with a parabolic velocity profile.
Q2: Does this formula work for turbulent flow?
A: No, this relationship is specific to laminar flow. For turbulent flow, the ratio between mean and maximum velocity is different and depends on the Reynolds number.
Q3: What are typical velocity ranges in pipe flow?
A: Typical velocities range from 0.5-3 m/s for water in pipes, depending on application and pipe size to avoid excessive pressure drops or erosion.
Q4: How is maximum velocity measured?
A: Maximum velocity is typically measured at the centerline of the pipe using various flow measurement techniques such as pitot tubes or laser Doppler velocimetry.
Q5: What factors affect the velocity profile?
A: The velocity profile is affected by fluid viscosity, pipe roughness, flow regime (laminar/turbulent), and pipe geometry.