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Mean Velocity Equation:
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The mean velocity of water percolating into a well represents the average speed at which groundwater flows through the aquifer and enters the well. This measurement is crucial for understanding groundwater movement and well performance.
The calculator uses the mean velocity equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation calculates the average velocity by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area through which the water is flowing.
Details: Calculating mean velocity is essential for well design, groundwater resource assessment, contaminant transport studies, and determining the efficiency of water extraction from aquifers.
Tips: Enter discharge in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: What is the difference between mean velocity and actual velocity?
A: Mean velocity represents the average flow velocity across the entire cross-section, while actual velocity varies at different points due to friction and boundary effects.
Q2: How is cross-sectional area determined for a well?
A: For a cylindrical well, cross-sectional area is calculated as π × (well radius)². The area depends on the well's geometry and the aquifer characteristics.
Q3: What factors affect water percolation velocity into wells?
A: Velocity is influenced by aquifer permeability, hydraulic gradient, well construction, screen design, and pumping rate.
Q4: Are there limitations to this calculation method?
A: This simplified approach assumes uniform flow and may not account for complex aquifer heterogeneity or turbulent flow conditions near the well.
Q5: How is discharge measured in well systems?
A: Discharge is typically measured using flow meters, weirs, or by measuring the time required to fill a container of known volume during pumping tests.