1. What is Piezometric Gradient?

The Piezometric Gradient is defined as the variation of piezometric head with respect to distance along the pipe length. It represents the rate of change of hydraulic head in a fluid flow system.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Piezometric Gradient formula:

Where:

• \( Shear\ Stress \) — The force tending to cause deformation of a material (Pa)
• \( Specific\ Weight\ of\ Liquid \) — The weight per unit volume of that substance (N/m³)
• \( Radial\ Distance \) — Distance between whisker sensor's pivot point to whisker-object contact point (m)

Explanation: This formula calculates the piezometric gradient based on shear stress, specific weight of the liquid, and radial distance.

3. Importance of Piezometric Gradient Calculation

Details: Accurate piezometric gradient calculation is crucial for analyzing fluid flow systems, determining pressure variations, and designing efficient piping networks in various engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter shear stress in Pascals (Pa), specific weight in Newtons per cubic meter (N/m³), and radial distance in meters (m). All values must be positive and valid.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the physical significance of piezometric gradient?
A: Piezometric gradient represents the slope of the hydraulic grade line and indicates the direction and magnitude of fluid flow in a system.

Q2: How does shear stress affect the piezometric gradient?
A: Higher shear stress values result in a steeper piezometric gradient, indicating greater energy loss per unit length of flow.

Q3: What units are used for piezometric gradient?
A: Piezometric gradient is typically expressed in meters per meter (m/m), representing the change in hydraulic head per unit length.

Q4: When is this formula typically applied?
A: This formula is commonly used in fluid mechanics, hydraulic engineering, and pipe flow analysis to determine pressure gradients.

Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: This equation assumes steady, uniform flow conditions and may need adjustments for complex flow patterns or non-Newtonian fluids.