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Polarization Formula:
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Polarization is the electric dipole moment per unit volume induced in a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field. It represents how much the material's molecules align with the external field.
The calculator uses the polarization formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the induced polarization in a dielectric material based on its electric susceptibility and the applied electric field strength.
Details: Polarization calculation is crucial for understanding dielectric properties, designing capacitors, analyzing electromagnetic wave propagation, and studying material responses to electric fields.
Tips: Enter electric susceptibility (dimensionless) and electric field strength in V/m. Both values must be positive numbers.
Q1: What is electric susceptibility?
A: Electric susceptibility is a measure of how easily a material can be polarized by an external electric field. It indicates the material's response to an applied electric field.
Q2: What is the permittivity of vacuum?
A: The permittivity of vacuum (ε₀) is a fundamental physical constant equal to approximately 8.85 × 10⁻¹² farads per meter (F/m).
Q3: What are typical values for electric susceptibility?
A: Electric susceptibility varies widely depending on the material. For vacuum, χₑ = 0; for air, χₑ ≈ 0; for water, χₑ ≈ 80; for various dielectrics, χₑ typically ranges from 1 to 1000.
Q4: How does polarization relate to dielectric constant?
A: The relative permittivity (dielectric constant) εᵣ is related to electric susceptibility by εᵣ = 1 + χₑ, where χₑ is the electric susceptibility.
Q5: What are the units of polarization?
A: Polarization is measured in coulombs per square meter (C/m²), which represents the dipole moment per unit volume.