Pouring Time Using Bernoulli's Equation Calculator

Bernoulli's Equation:

\[ t_{pt} = \frac{W_c}{\rho_m \times A_c \times C \times \sqrt{2 \times g \times H}} \]

Casting Mass (Wc):

Density of Metal (ρm):

kg/m³

Area of Choke Section of Sprue (Ac):

m²

Efficiency Factor of Gating System (C):

(0-1)

Effective Metal Head of Mould (H):

Pouring Time (tpt):

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1. What is Pouring Time Using Bernoulli's Equation?

Pouring Time using Bernoulli's Equation calculates the time required to completely fill a mold cavity during casting processes. It's derived from Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics and is essential for optimizing casting operations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bernoulli's Equation:

\[ t_{pt} = \frac{W_c}{\rho_m \times A_c \times C \times \sqrt{2 \times g \times H}} \]

Where:

\( t_{pt} \) — Pouring time (seconds)
\( W_c \) — Casting mass (kg)
\( \rho_m \) — Density of metal (kg/m³)
\( A_c \) — Area of choke section of sprue (m²)
\( C \) — Efficiency factor of gating system (0-1)
\( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s²)
\( H \) — Effective metal head of mould (m)

Explanation: The equation calculates the time required for molten metal to flow through the gating system and completely fill the mold cavity.

3. Importance of Pouring Time Calculation

Details: Accurate pouring time calculation is crucial for preventing casting defects, ensuring proper mold filling, optimizing production efficiency, and maintaining consistent casting quality.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units. Casting mass in kg, density in kg/m³, area in m², efficiency factor between 0-1, and metal head in meters. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is pouring time important in casting?
A: Proper pouring time ensures complete mold filling, prevents turbulence, reduces oxidation, and minimizes casting defects like cold shuts and misruns.

Q2: What affects the efficiency factor of gating system?
A: The efficiency factor depends on gating system design, mold material, metal viscosity, and flow characteristics. Typical values range from 0.6 to 0.9.

Q3: How does metal head affect pouring time?
A: Higher metal head increases flow velocity, reducing pouring time. However, excessive head can cause turbulence and erosion of mold walls.

Q4: When should this equation be used?
A: This equation is suitable for most gravity casting processes where molten metal flows under gravitational force through properly designed gating systems.

Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The equation assumes ideal fluid flow conditions and may need adjustments for highly viscous metals, complex mold geometries, or pressurized gating systems.